Students were sent to Europe and the United States to study modern science and technology, while foreign experts were hired to help establish factories and educational institutions. The government adopted many policies designed to create a modern economy and society. These reform programs-administrative, economic, social, legal, educational, and military-were carried out under the slogan "fukoku Kyohei" (enrich the country and strengthen the military).
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The new Meiji government moved quickly to discard the feudal system and launch a series of reforms that profoundly changed Japanese society. The court was moved from Kyoto to Tokyo, where a centralized administration was created. In Jan., 1868, samurai from these domains, with the support of anti-Tokugawa court nobles, succeeded in a palace coup that abolished the shogunate and "returned" power to the emperor. Click the link for more information., then demanded creation of a new government loyal to the emperor to expel the foreigners. Great tax-free estates were built up from the 8th cent. , the great feudal landholders of Japan, the territorial barons as distinguished from the kuge, or court nobles. These domains, excluded from the Tokugawa governing councils because of their status as tozama, or outside daimyo daimyo The powerful Choshu and Satsuma domains of W Japan tried to resist the foreigners on their own and were defeated (1863). Under pressure, the Tokugawa shogunate submitted (1854) to foreign demands and signed treaties that ended Japan's isolation. Click the link for more information., precipitated further discontent. Appointed a midshipman in 1809, he first served under his brother on the Revenge and then was aide to Commodore John Rodgers on the Perry Perry, Matthew Calbraith,ġ794–1858, American naval officer, b. The intrusion of Western powers, particularly the Americans under Admiral Matthew C. Click the link for more information. shogunate, weakened by debt and internal division, had declined, and much opposition had built up in the early 19th cent. The Tokugawa themselves held approximately one fourth of the country in strategically located parcels, which they Founded by Ieyasu, the Tokugawa regime was a centralized feudalism. , family that held the shogunate (see shogun) and controlled Japan from 1603 to 1867. Click the link for more information. emperor's reign (1868–1912). A year later the shogun fell, and the power that had been held by the Tokugawa military house was returned to the emperor. , 1852–1912, reign name of the emperor of Japan from 1867 to 1912 his given name was Mutsuhito. Meiji restoration, The term refers to both the events of 1868 that led to the "restoration" of power to the emperor and the entire period of revolutionary changes that coincided with the Meiji Meiji
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